Instructional Components Bundled within Simulation:
Authentic Tasks: In a simulation, tasks resemble the real-world; learners are given specific goals. Authentic tasks help develop learner motivation.
Coaching: During tasks, a facilitator provides guidance and encouragement and supports learners’ performance.
Collaborative Work: Learners work together to problem-solve and accomplish tasks.
Demonstration: Facilitator or instructor demonstrates how to do task(s), then students try to replicate the same skill(s).
Feedback: Learners receive immediate feedback about their performance (quality and veracity); they also engage in peer feedback and brainstorming to problem solve.
Practice: Repeated interaction with a physical system maximizes learning.
Reflection: In Simulation, learners are encouraged to self-evaluate and reflect on their learning and to consider future application of skills.
Procedural Elaboration Sequencing: Sequencing within Simulation follows a procedural elaboration process, where skill is developed by moving from simpler versions to more complex versions of the procedure.
The New Learning Paradigm 